Glossary
Bulletproofs
Short non-interactive range proofs without trusted setup — used by Monero's RingCT, confidential transactions, and several DEXes for efficient amount-hiding.
Bulletproofs, published in 2017 by Bünz, Bootle, Boneh, Poelstra, Maxwell, and Wuille, are zero-knowledge proofs of statements about committed values (typically: "this committed amount is in range [0, 2^64)"). They are short — logarithmic in the size of the statement — and require no trusted setup.
Monero adopted Bulletproofs in 2018 to replace its larger range proofs, dropping transaction sizes by roughly 80%. Confidential transactions, ZK identity protocols, and several DEXes use them as their range-proof primitive.