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Glossary

Bundler

In ERC-4337, a node that listens to the UserOperation mempool, packages valid ops into a single transaction, and submits it to the EntryPoint contract on-chain.

Bundlers are the EOAs that actually broadcast account-abstraction activity to Ethereum. They watch a separate UserOperation mempool, validate each op locally (simulate against the EntryPoint), and package valid ones into a regular transaction that calls handleOps on the EntryPoint contract.

Bundlers compete on inclusion latency and fee revenue from the priority fees attached to each op. Anyone can run one; major infrastructure providers (Pimlico, Stackup, Alchemy, Biconomy) sell hosted bundler services that wallets can plug into.