Glossary
KZG Commitment
A polynomial commitment scheme (Kate-Zaverucha-Goldberg) that lets a prover commit to a polynomial and later open it at any point with a constant-size proof.
KZG (Kate, Zaverucha, Goldberg) commitments use pairing-based cryptography to commit to a polynomial as a single elliptic curve point. The prover can later "open" the commitment at any evaluation point, producing a constant-size proof that verifies in one pairing check.
KZG sits at the heart of Ethereum's danksharding / EIP-4844 design: each blob is committed via a KZG commitment, and the protocol can verify any specific cell of the blob via a small opening proof. The scheme requires a trusted setup, which Ethereum performed via the 2023 Powers-of-Tau ceremony.